The majority of softwood cuttings rely on photosynthesis to supply energy to produce new roots and shoots, and so it is important that there is enough photosynthetic tissue (leaves) to meet this requirement. However, until a healthy root system has been established, the water lost through those leaves cannot be easily replaced, and so having too many leaves may cause the cutting to die. As a compromise, it is best to trim off nearly all the leaves, leaving just three full-sized leaves and any immature leaves. You may need to reduce very large leaves by half to minimise water loss.

Softwood cuttings are normally taken in early spring and generally form the tips of shoots from the current season's growth. As the tissue is soft and immature and will wilt quickly, propagation must take place as soon as possible after the cutting is taken. When the cutting has been collected, place it in a closed plastic bag away from sunlight until you are ready to deal with it.

Propagation methods vary from plant to plant; some stem tips will root in water, whilst others should be planted in compost; some will require heat from a propagator, whilst others may be grown in a cold frame. Research your plant's requirements before propagating. Most softwood cuttings root in approximately six to eight weeks, and may be hardened off when new growth appears.

Taking a Stem Tip Cutting

1. Stem tip cuttings may be taken at any time during the growing season, as long as new growth is available. Shoots should be healthy and sturdy, with no flower buds.
2. Using a clean knife or secateurs, cut off a healthy new side stem just below a node to produce a cutting that is approximately 7.5 cm (3 in) long. The stem should be non-flowering - it should not have a bud at the tip.
3. Remove the full-sized leaves from the bottom of the stem, leaving just three full-sized leaves and any immature leaves.
4. Dip the base of the stem cutting in hormone rooting powder.
5. Fill a small plastic pot with cuttings compost, make a hole using a dibber or pencil and insert the cutting.
6. Firm the cutting in gently and water.
7. To create a warm, humid atmosphere, place a small plastic bag over the cutting and fix it with an elastic band around the pot. Do not allow the bag to touch the leaves. Alternatively, place the cutting in a propagator.
8. Keep the cutting in a bright, draught-free spot, shading it from any direct sunlight.
9. Water daily with a fine mist and check for signs of disease.
10. When the cuttings have rooted, move them into larger pots. They may eventually be hardened off and planted out into the garden.