Although some simple topiary designs may be cut freehand, it is usually best to use a guiding framework. The simplest shape to produce is a cone, which can be created using a 'wigwam' of canes, secured at intervals by circles of thin wire. Other shapes can be guided by a framework of chicken wire or single wires attached to stakes placed in the ground.

Using Established Plants

When using an established hedge or tree, place the cutting guide over the plant and cut to shape with a pair of hand shears. Avoid using mechanical hedge-trimmers, these can soon run away with you and damage your carefully constructed shape. Clip the plant every year (August is often best) to retain a crisp outline.

Using Young Plants

If you are training up a young plant to create a topiary shape, select the stem or stems that will form the core of the design. Tie in the stems to the framework and then pinch back the shoots to encourage them to branch and cover the form. Any new shoots should be trained into the framework to fill in any gaps. You will find that growth will vary around the plant, depending on the aspect. You should also bear in mind that any shoots trained downwards will grow at a slower rate.