Family: Araliaceae

There are around 700 species in this genus of fast-growing shrubs or small trees, which occur naturally in tropical and warm regions of the world. Very popular outdoors in subtropical and tropical climates as ornamental foliage plants, some are elsewhere well known as indoor plants. The glossy, green leaves hanging from the tops of the stems form an umbrella shape. Most species have long spikes of white or greenish white flowers, although they may be red, followed by dense clusters of purple to red berries.

Species

S. actinophylla, umbrella tree, occurs naturally in rainforests of northern Australia. Growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall, this tree has deep, glossy green leaves, long spikes of crimson flowers borne at the top of the plant from late summer to early spring, and masses of dark purple to red berries. This species will not tolerate heavy frosts. It is widely grown as an indoor plant.

S. digitata, patete, from New Zealand, is a small tree, 4-8 m (13-26 ft) high. The glossy, dark green leaves have sheathing stalks and the spikes of green flowers are followed by small, purplish black berries. The soft wood of this tree was used by the Maoris for fire wood.

S. heptaphylla, from Asia, is a tall shrub or small tree in cultivation, but grows to 12-25 m (40-80 ft) in its habitat. The leaves are borne in eights and the white flowers are followed by purplish fruits.

Cultivation

In frost-prone climates, grow as house plants or in a warm greenhouse or conservatory. Use soil-based potting compost. Plants need good light, but shade from direct sun. Outdoors grow in full sun or partial shade and moist yet well-drained soil. Propagate from seed sown in spring and germinated at 21°C (70°F), or from semi-ripe cuttings in a heated propagating case, in summer.

Climate

Zone 10 or tropical for most species. S. heptaphylla can be grown in zone 9.