Family: Caprifoliaceae
Common Name: Elder, Elderberry

Found in most temperate regions of the world, this genus includes around 20 species of mostly deciduous shrubs and trees. All have feathery foliage, clusters of creamy white flowers, and red, blue or purple-black berries. In some species the berries are poisonous, although those of S. nigra are edible and have been used to make elderberry wine for many centuries. The fruit of the American elder, S. carnuierrsis, is also used in wine, jams, jellies and pies.

Species

S. callicarpa, zone 6, a native of California, grows to 6 m (20 ft) and has very decorative, red berries.

S. canadensis, American elder, zone 3, grows about 3 m (10 ft) high. White flower heads are followed by berries ripening to purple-black. Cultivar 'Aurea' is striking if grown in sun, where its golden foliage is best seen.

S. nigra, common elder, zone 5, the most widely cultivated species, is a small, shrubby tree, to 10 m (33 ft), with clusters of cream flowers in summer, followed by black berries. Cultivar 'Albovariegata' has variegated leaves and 'Aurea', golden leaves.

S. racemosa, European red elder, zone 4, grows to 4 m (13 ft), with feathery foliage, large clusters of cream flowers, and scarlet berries. 'Plumosa Aurea' has golden yellow foliage.

Cultivation

Elders do well in any reasonably well drained, moist soil, in either sun or partial shade. The golden varieties require pruning for best spring effect. Propagate from seed or cuttings, hardwood cuttings being slow but reliable.

Climate

There are species suited to various climatic zones.