Family: Agavaceae
Common Name: New Zealand Flax

There are only two species in this genus, both natives of New Zealand. Now grown for the dramatic impact of their sword-like foliage, particularly in larger vistas, flax was used in times past by the Maori peoples for making rope and twine, the fibers being among the strongest in the known plant world, and for medicinal purposes. The leaves were used for weaving mats and baskets. Extremely hardy, these large, clumping plants have long leaves, sometimes up to 5 m (16 ft) in their habitat, in colours ranging from light greenish yellow to deep blueish green, occasionally with yellow or red margins, and sprays of lily-like, summer flowers on tall stems. These interesting plants suit a wide range of habitats, from cool regions to seaside areas.

Species

P. cookianum (Synonym: P. colensoi), mountain flax, grows up to 2 m (6 ft) high and wide, occurring naturally in drier woodland areas. It has arching leaves and yellow-green flowers, followed by twisted seed capsules, to 15 cm (6 in) long.

P. tenax, New Zealand flax or New Zealand hemp, is the most commonly grown species. It grows up to 4 m (13 ft) high, with long, stiff, upright leaves and dull red, spiky flowers, followed by fruiting capsules, to about 8 cm (3 in) long. A number of cultivars are available, including Purpureum Group, with bronze-purple leaves; 'Rubrum', with red leaves; 'Veitchianum', whose leaves are boldly striped with cream; and 'Variegatum', whose leaves are striped with creamy yellow and white. Newer cultivars are classed by the dominant foliage colour, for instance, bronze-leaved hybrids or red, yellow, orange or pink-leaved hybrids. 'there are many beautiful forms from which to choose.

Cultivation

Propagate species from ripened seed and cultivars by division of the clumps, in late winter to early spring. These very adaptable plants will grow in any well-drained soil, but prefer an open, sunny position. Provide plentiful water during the warmer months, but little during winter.

Climate

Zone 8.