Family: Asteraceae

This genus comprises 15 species of hardy, herbaceous, spreading perennials, native to Europe, Asia and North America. Only two of the species are cultivated, and even these can be invasive. Sweetly scented flowers are borne in erect sprays.

Species

P. fragrans, winter heliotrope, zone 7, from southern Europe, has winter flowers and leathery, leaves, downy on the undersides, both of which are strongly fragrant. The leaves of winter heliotrope often appear after the flowers.

P. japonicus var. gigaateus, giant butter-burr, zone 5, from Japan, grows to 1.5 m (5 ft). Although valued for its huge leaves, the pale whitish yellow flowers are not particularly attractive. The thick stalks can be cooked and eaten.

Cultivation

Grow in any garden soil, in a spot where there is plenty of room to spread. All species thrive in moist soils and in full or partial shade. Propagate from seed or by division in autumn.

Climate

Cool to warm southern temperate and mild, inland areas.