Carya illinoinensis
Synonyms: C. pecan
Family: Juglandaceae

Native to southern and central North America, down to Mexico, the pecan can be grown over a wide area as it is a perfectly hardy tree. It is grown commercially in some countries, particularly in the United States, for its nuts or pecans, which are eaten raw, as well as being used for flavoring ice cream and in the renowned pecan pie. It also makes a handsome garden tree and can be planted as a lawn specimen.

Varieties

Carya illinoinensis (Synonym: Carya pecan) is a long-lived, deciduous tree, which may reach a height of 30 m (100 ft) in its habitat, generally around 10 m (33 ft) in cultivation. The tree has both male and female flowers, which produce clusters of the fruits which are contained in green husks. As the fruit matures, the outer husk splits into four sections, revealing a smooth, thin-shelled nut which ripens in autumn. Numerous cultivars are available and these are mainly self-fertile, although some need a pollinator. Cultivars should be chosen to suit the climate.

Cultivation

Pecans like a deep, well-drained, slightly acid loam and ample water during the growing season. Propagation is by grafting, and planting should occur during winter dormancy. Grafted trees will produce nuts after five years, but do not reach full production until about the tenth year. Harvest by laying ground sheets to collect the fallen nuts, or by shaking the branches. Pecans are subject to attack from certain bugs, beetles and birds, mites and scale insects.

Climate

Zone 6.