Cucumis sativus
Family: Cucurbitaceae

Originally native to India, these succulent fruits are produced in a number of sizes and shapes on an annual tendril vine. They are very popular in salads and as an accompaniment with bananas and yoghurt to curries and other hot dishes. They are also popular for pickling with dill and other spices. Although some people customarily peel the skin, it is better for it not to be removed before eating, because an enzyme that aids digestion is present in this covering which helps to counter indigestion.

Varieties

Cucumis sativus has produced many cultivars. Some have been bred to resist mildew and other diseases. Cultivars specially bred for growing under glass (known as English greenhouse cucumbers) generally bear all-female flowers on the main stem, so the side shoots are stopped at two leaves. The hardier ridge cucumbers are suitable for growing outdoors or in garden frames in cool climates. Some cucumber cultivars have apple-shaped fruits.

Cultivation

This plant needs plenty of space in order to achieve its full potential. Cucumbers like a reasonably fertile soil, dug deeply with organic matter. Add complete plant food at the same time. Make some small mounds about 1 m (3 ft) apart. Plant four to six seeds around the top of each mound. When the seeds germinate, thin out to the best three plants. Seed should be sown in spring once the soil has started to warm. As the vines grow, provide ample water and keep the weeds down. Because the plant has separate male and female flowers, crop failure can be caused by poor pollination, and to counter this problem hand pollinating may help. This is best done in the morning. Pinch off the ends of runners to encourage flowering and fruit setting. In frost-prone climates, plants can be raised in pots under glass in spring and planted out when danger of frost is over. Sow one seed per small pot. Plants are also frequently grown under glass as a summer crop in frost-prone climates. They can either be planted in a soil border or in large pots or growing bags. Plants, under glass or outside, will require some means of support-they are trained vertically. The best temperature range for cucumbers is 18°-30°C (64°-86°F) The temperature should not drop below 10°C (50°F). Seeds need a temperature of 20°C (68°F) in order to germinate.

Climate

Cucumber is suited to zone 10, but is grown as a summer crop in all climates.