Family: Ulmaceae
Common Name: Nackberry, Nettle Tree, Sugar Berry

This genus comprises about 100 species of evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs from tropical and temperate regions of Europe, Asia and America. Several species of these fast-growing trees are used as street and shade trees in public places. They colour well in autumn in cool areas. The ripe berries are edible and attractive to birds which transport the seed into areas where it is not wanted, producing a weed problem in some regions.

Species

C. australis, nettle tree, zone 6, from the Mediterranean and the Middle East, grows to 20 m (65 ft) and has deep green leaves which become yellow in autumn before they autumn.

C. occidentalis, hackberry, zone 4, is native to North America, growing to 25 m (80 ft). It has rough-notched, corky bark, 12 cm (5 in) long leaves and orange-red to dark purple berries when full grown.

C. sinensis, Japanese hackherry, zone 7, is a native of China, Japan and Korea. It grows to 20 m (65 ft) and has 10 cm (4 in) long leaves and dark orange fruits.

Cultivation

Plant in an ordinary, well-drained soil in full sun. Prune during winter, only when young, to encourage a good shape. The best method of propagation is from seed sown in a garden frame or in an outdoor seed bed in the autumn. Germination is variable.

Climate

There are species for various climatic zones.